소개

이번 글에서는 CXF와 스프링을 사용해 주문 처리 웹 서비스를 구축하고 개발한다. 이 웹 서비스는 고객에게 주문을 받아 처리하고, 유효한지 점검해 유일한 주문 ID를 반환한다. 이 글을 읽은 후에 웹 서비스를 구축하고, 개발하는 데 CXF의 개념과 특징을 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

시스템 요구사항

이번 글에 나오는 예제를 실행하려면 컴퓨터에 다음 소프트웨어가 설치, 구성되어 있는지 확인해야 한다.

• 자바(Java) 5 이상
• 톰캣(Tomcat) 5 이상
• 앤트(Ant) 빌드 툴
• CXF 바이너리 배포판 2.1

위 배포판을 설치한 다음에는 다음 환경 변수를 구성하자.

• JAVA_HOME(자바)
• CATALINA_HOME(톰캣)
• ANT_HOME(앤트)
• CXF_HOME(CXF)

예제를 위해 CXF_HOME=C:\apache-cxf-2.1로 설정하고, PATH 환경 변수에 다음 내용을 추가하자.

• JAVA_HOME\bin
• CATALINA_HOME\bin
• ANT_HOME\bin

위로

왜 CXF일까?

아파치 CXF(Apache CXF)는 웹 서비스를 편리하게 구축하고, 개발하는 데 필요한 견고한 기반을 제공하는 오픈 소스 프레임워크다. 이를 이용해 성능과 확장성이 높은 서비스를 만들 수 있다. 만든 서비스는 JBoss, IBM® WebSphere®나 BEA WebLogic 톰캣과 같은 좀 더 진보된 서버 인프라뿐만 아니라 톰캣과 스프링 기반 경량급 컨테이너에 배포할 수도 있다.

특징

프레임워크는 다음과 같은 특징을 제공한다.

• 웹 서비스 표준 지원: CXF는 다음 웹 서비스 표준을 지원한다.
  • JAX-WS(Java API for XML Web Services)
  • SOAP
  • WSDL(Web Services Description Language)
  • MTOM(Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism)
  • WS-Basic Profile
  • WS-Addressing
  • WS-Policy
  • WS-ReliableMessaging
  • WS-Security
• 프론트엔드 모델링(front-end modeling): CXF는 다양한 프론트엔드 API를 사용해 웹 서비스를 생성하도록 해주는 프론트엔드 모델링 개념을 제공한다. 이 API는 간단히 팩토리 빈(factory beans)을 사용하고, JAX-WAS 구현을 통해 웹 서비스를 생성하도록 해준다. 또한 동적 웹 서비스 클라이언트도 생성할 수 있게 해준다.
• 도구 지원: CXF는 자바 빈, 웹 서비스, WSDL 간에 변환을 해주는 다양한 도구를 제공한다. 메이븐(Maven)과 앤트(Ant)에 대한 통합 지원 기능을 제공하며, 스프링과의 자연스러운(seamlessly) 통합도 지원한다.
• RESTful 서비스 지원: CXF는 RESTful(Representational State Transfer) 개념을 지원하며, 자바 플랫폼에 대한 JAX-RS 구현을 지원한다(이번 연재의 Part 2에서 RESTful 서비스에 대한 더 많은 정보를 제공하겠다).
• 다양한 전송과 바인딩(binding) 지원: CXF는 XML에서 CSV(Comma Separated Value)에 이르기까지 여러 종류의 전송을 지원한다. 또한 JAXB(Java Architecture for XML Binding)와 SOAP과 HTTP 프로토콜 바인딩 외에 AEGIS 데이터 바인딩도 지원한다.
• XML 이외의 바인딩 지원: CXF는 JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)과 CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture) 같은 XML 이외의 바인딩을 지원한다. JBI(Java Business Integration) 아키텍처와 SCA(Service Component Architecture) 또한 지원한다.

위로

웹 서비스 개발하기

JAX-WS 프론트엔드를 사용해 주문 처리 웹 서비스를 만들어 이를 스프링 빈(bean)으로 등록하는 방법을 확실하게 살펴보자. 자바 클래스를 먼저 개발하고, 이 클래스에 웹 서비스를 의미하는 애노테이션을 붙이는 코드 우선 접근법을 사용한다. 이를 위해서는 대체로 다음 단계를 따르면 된다.

1. 서비스 종단 인터페이스(SEI: Service Endpoint Interface)를 만들고 웹 서비스로 노출되는 메서드를 정의한다.
2. 구현 클래스를 만들고 웹 서비스 애노테이션을 붙인다.
3. beans.xml을 만들고 JAX-WS 프론트엔드를 사용해 스프링 빈으로 서비스 클래스를 정의한다.
4. 스프링과 CXF를 통합하는 web.xml을 만든다.

먼저 주문 처리 웹 서비스 SEI를 만들어보자.

주문 처리 웹 서비스 SEI 만들기

OrderProcess라는 이름으로 SEI를 만들자. 이 SEI는 order 빈을 받아 문자열을 반환하는 processOrder 메서드를 갖게 된다.processOrder 메서드의 목적은 고객에게 주문을 받아 유일한 주문 ID를 반환하도록 처리하는 것이다.

                
package demo.order;

import javax.jws.WebService;

@WebService
public interface OrderProcess {
  String processOrder(Order order);
}

Listing 1에서 볼 수 있는 것처럼, OrderProcess SEI는 웹 서비스 애노테이션이 붙은 단순한 표준 자바 인터페이스다. @WebService 애노테이션은 간단하게 인터페이스를 웹 서비스 인터페이스로 만들어준다. OrderProcess SEI는 하나의 processOrder 메서드를 갖는다. 이 메서드는 매개변수로 Order를 받아 문자열로 주문 ID를 반환한다.

                
package demo.order;

import javax.jws.WebService;

@WebService(endpointInterface = "demo.order.OrderProcess")
public class OrderProcessImpl implements OrderProcess {

 public String processOrder(Order order) {
  return order.validate();
 }
}

SEI 구현 작성하기

이전 절에서 SEI 구현을 작성하면서 구현 클래스인 OrderProcessImpl이 웹 서비스가 되도록 애노테이션을 더해 붙였고, 이전 단계에서 만들었던 SEI의 완전한 클래스 이름(fully qualified name)을 값으로 갖는 endpointInterface 속성을 제공했다. 이 값은 이 클래스가OrderProcess SEI를 구현했다는 것을 의미한다. SEI를 구현했으므로 주문 ID를 반환하는 processOrder 메서드 구현을 제공해야 한다.

우리는 SEI와 SEI의 구현체를 만들었다. 이제 CXF를 사용해 JAX-WS 프론트엔드를 사용하는 실제 서비스 컴포넌트를 만들 수 있다.

                
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws"
 xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd">

 <import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf.xml" />
 <import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-extension-soap.xml" />
 <import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-servlet.xml" /> 

 <jaxws:endpoint 
  id="orderProcess" 
  implementor="demo.order.OrderProcessImpl" 
  address="/OrderProcess" />
	  
</beans>

CXF의 환경 구성 파일 생성하기

CXF 환경 구성 파일은 실제로 빈 정의를 포함하는 스프링 환경 구성 파일이다. JAX-WS 프론트엔드 환경 구성을 사용해 OrderProcess웹 서비스에 대한 빈 정의를 만들자. beans.xml에 나오는 <jaxws:endpoint> 태그는 OrderProcess 웹 서비스를 JAX-WS 엔드포인트로 지정해준다. 이 웹 서비스를 공개(publish)하는 데 CXF가 내부적으로 JAX-WS를 사용하는 건 매우 효과적인 방법이다.<jaxws:endpoint>에 구현 클래스 이름인 OrderProcessImpl과 주소를 제공해야 한다. 여기서 제공하는 주소는 웹 컨텍스트(web context)와 관련 있다.

                
<web-app>
 <context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>WEB-INF/beans.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>

 <listener>
  <listener-class>
   org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
  </listener-class>
 </listener>

 <servlet>
  <servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name>
  <display-name>CXF Servlet</display-name>
  <servlet-class>
   org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet
  </servlet-class>
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

마지막으로 다음 작업을 해야 한다.

• CXF 환경 구성 파일을 불러오는 web.xml 파일 만들기
• 환경 구성 파일을 불러오는 스프링 컨텍스트 로더(context loader) 사용하기
• 클라이언트 프로그램에서 오는 모든 요청을 제어하는 CXFServlet 등록하기

이제 서버측 컴포넌트가 필요로 하는 개발은 대충 마무리됐다. 이제 OrderProcess 서비스에 요청을 보내는 클라이언트 컴포넌트를 개발할 수 있다.

위로

클라이언트 개발하기

Listing 5에서 봤던 것처럼, 서버 종단 지점을 쉽게 만들 수 있는 것처럼 클라이언트 빈을 만드는 것도 매우 쉽다. JaxWsProxyFactory는OrderProcess 웹 서비스에 대한 클라이언트 빈을 만드는데 사용된다. 팩토리 빈은 서비스 클래스(OrderProcess)와 서비스의 URL을 요구한다. 그러므로 클라이언트 빈 스텁(stub)이 되는 OrderProcess는 팩토리 빈 참조를 사용해 생성된다.

                
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws"
 xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws 
http://cxf.apache.org/schema/jaxws.xsd">

 <bean id="client" class="demo.order.OrderProcess" 
  factory-bean="clientFactory" factory-method="create"/>
	
 <bean id="clientFactory" class="org.apache.cxf.jaxws.JaxWsProxyFactoryBean">
  <property name="serviceClass" value="demo.order.OrderProcess"/>
  <property name="address" value="http://localhost:8080/orderapp/OrderProcess"/>
 </bean>
	  
</beans>

스프링 컨텍스트(context)를 사용해 정의한 클라이언트 빈을 받아온 다음, processOrder 메서드를 호출하는 자바 메인 프로그램을 만들어보자.

                
public final class Client {

 public Client() {
 }

 public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context 
   = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] 
     {"demo/order/client/client-beans.xml"});

  OrderProcess client = (OrderProcess)context.getBean("client");
    Order order = new Order();

  String orderID = client.processOrder(order);
  System.out.println("Order ID: " + orderID);
  System.exit(0);
 }
}

위로

프로그램 실행하기

프로그램을 실행하기 전에, 루트 C:\ 폴더 밑에 그림 1에서 보는 것처럼 디렉터리 구조를 만들고, 이번 글의 앞에서 다뤘던 컴포넌트를 넣어두자.

• 자바 코드는 패키지 폴더에 포함
• beans.xml과 web.xml은 web\web-inf 폴더에 포함
• client-beans.xml은 demo\order\client 폴더에 포함

OrderProcess 웹 서비스와 클라이언트를 구축하고, 배포하고, 실행하는 데 앤트(Ant) 도구를 사용한다. 코드는 톰캣 서버에 배포된다. c:\orderapp 폴더 아래 ant deploy 커맨드를 사용해 코드를 배포하자.

애플리케이션 폴더(c:\orderapp)는 앤트 빌드 파일을 갖고 있다. 위 명령을 실행한 후에 orderapp 코드는 orderapp.war 파일로 톰캣 서버 환경에 배포된다. 이제 CATALINA_HOME\bin 폴더에서 catalina start 명령을 입력해 톰캣 웹 서버를 시작하자.

톰캣의 webapps 폴더에 orderapp 폴더가 생성된다. 서버가 시작된 후에 ant client 명령을 입력해 애플리케이션을 시작하자. 주문 ID가 화면에 출력된다(그림 2).

결론

이번 글에서는 간단한 CXF 프레임워크의 특징과 코드를 작성해야 하는 별다른 노력 없이도 웹 서비스를 만들 수 있는 방법을 설명했다. 빈 컨텍스트 파일을 사용하는 CXF와 스프링 통합에 대해서도 배웠다. 또한 프레임워크가 실제로 웹 서비스 인프라스트럭처 컴포넌트를 만드는 의미를 추상화한 방법과, 오로지 웹 서비스를 생성하는 데만 집중할 수 있도록 어떤 전문적이면서 간편한 셸 API를 제공하는지를 알아 봤다

이제 CXF를 사용하는 웹 서비스 생성의 기본을 살펴봤으니, Part 2에서는 CXF와 스프링을 사용해 RESTful 서비스를 POJO로 노출하는 방법을 살펴볼 생각이다.

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이선스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Manual

Community support is available at urlrewrite google group.

Read examples of usage and a sample of the ant task report. If you have feedback, or conf you want to share with the world email me. If you have any suggestions/examples for this manual please post them to the group.

Install

1. Download the zip (or tar.gz) and extract it into your context's directory ie, so that urlrewrite.xml goes into the WEB-INF directory.
2. Add the following to your WEB-INF/web.xml (add it near the top above your servlet mappings (if you have any)): (see filter parameters for more options)

   
       <filter>
           <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
           <filter-class>org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter</filter-class>
       </filter>
       <filter-mapping>
           <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
           <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
           <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
           <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
       </filter-mapping>
           

3. Add your own configuration to the WEB-INF/urlrewrite.xml that was created.
4. Restart the context.

You can visit http://127.0.0.1:8080/rewrite-status (or whatever the address of your local webapp and context) to see output (note: this page is only viewable from localhost).

Filter Parameters

There are a few advanced filter parameters for enabling conf file reloading etc. There are self-explanatory.

    <filter>
        <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter</filter-class>

        <!-- set the amount of seconds the conf file will be checked for reload
        can be a valid integer (0 denotes check every time,
        -1 denotes no reload check, default -1) -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>confReloadCheckInterval</param-name>
            <param-value>60</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!-- if you need to the conf file path can be changed
        it is specified as a path relative to the root of your context
        (default /WEB-INF/urlrewrite.xml) -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>confPath</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/urlrewrite.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!-- sets up log level (will be logged to context log)
        can be: TRACE, DEBUG, INFO (default), WARN, ERROR, FATAL, log4j, commons, slf4j,
        sysout:{level} (ie, sysout:DEBUG)
        if you are having trouble using normal levels use sysout:DEBUG
        (default WARN) -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>logLevel</param-name>
            <param-value>DEBUG</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!-- you can change status path so that it does not
        conflict with your installed apps (note, defaults
        to /rewrite-status) note, must start with / -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>statusPath</param-name>
            <param-value>/status</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!-- you can disable status page if desired
        can be: true, false (default true) -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>statusEnabled</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!-- you may want to allow more hosts to look at the status page
        statusEnabledOnHosts is a comma delimited list of hosts, * can
        be used as a wildcard (defaults to "localhost, local, 127.0.0.1") -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>statusEnabledOnHosts</param-name>
            <param-value>localhost, dev.*.myco.com, *.uat.mycom.com</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!-- you may want to allow more hosts to look at the status page
        statusEnabledOnHosts is a comma delimited list of hosts, * can
        be used as a wildcard (defaults to "localhost, local, 127.0.0.1") -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>statusEnabledOnHosts</param-name>
            <param-value>localhost, dev.*.myco.com, *.uat.mycom.com</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!-- defaults to false. use mod_rewrite style configuration file (if this is true and confPath
        is not specified confPath will be set to /WEB-INF/.htaccess) -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>modRewriteConf</param-name>
            <param-value>false</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!-- load mod_rewrite style configuration from this parameter's value.
                note, Setting this parameter will mean that all other conf parameters are ignored.
            <init-param>
                <param-name>modRewriteConfText</param-name>
                <param-value>
                    RewriteRule ^/~([^/]+)/?(.*) /u/$1/$2 [R]
                    RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)$ /$1/$2/ [R]
                </param-value>
            </init-param>
        -->

        <!-- defaults to false. allow conf file to be set by calling /rewrite-status/?conf=/WEB-INF/urlrewrite2.xml
                designed to be used for testing only
            <init-param>
                <param-name>allowConfSwapViaHttp</param-name>
                <param-value>false</param-value>
            </init-param>
        -->

    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
        <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
    </filter-mapping>

Note, setting logLevel to log4j or commons will cause the built in loging to call either log4j or commons-logging as if they were the logging framework, obviously you will need to have the jar for log4j or commons-logging in your classpath.

Configuration File WEB-INF/urlrewrite.xml

Configuration is done via a simple XML file that lives in your WEB-INF folder. It should be named urlrewrite.xml. It may be helpful to read the UrlRewriteFilter DTD (Document Type Definition). Please also make sure you look at the examples. A simple configuration file looks like:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

    <!DOCTYPE urlrewrite
        PUBLIC "-//tuckey.org//DTD UrlRewrite 3.0//EN"
        "http://tuckey.org/res/dtds/urlrewrite3.0.dtd">

    <urlrewrite>

        <rule>
           <from>^/some/olddir/(.*)$</from>
           <to type="redirect">/very/newdir/$1</to>
        </rule>

        <rule match-type="wildcard">
           <from>/blog/archive/**</from>
           <to type="redirect">/roller/history/$1</to>
        </rule>

    </urlrewrite>

The urlrewrite.xml file must have a root element called "urlrewrite" and must contain at least one "rule" element.

A "rule" must contain a "from" and a "to", and can have zero or more "condition" elements and zero or more and/or "set" elements.

When a "rule" is processed against an incoming request, all the "condition" elements must be met, then the "from" will be applied to the request URL and the final URL generated by applying the "to" to the "from" pattern. So long as the rule has matched then the "set" will be run.

When executing a rule the filter will (very simplified) loop over all rules and for each do something like this psuedo code:

    Pattern.compile(<from> element);
    pattern.matcher(request url);
    matcher.replaceAll(<to> element);
    if ( <condition> elements match && matcher.find() ) {
        handle <set> elements (if any)
        execute <run> elements (if any)
        perform <to> element (if any)
    }

<urlrewrite> element

The top level element.

<rule> element

Zero or more. The basis of a rule.

In the following example requests for /world/usa/nyc will be transparently forwarded to /world.jsp

    <rule match-type="regex">
       <from>^/world/([a-z]+)/([a-z]+)$</from>
       <to>/world.jsp</to>
    </rule>

    <rule match-type="wildcard">
       <from>/world/*/*</from>
       <to>/world.jsp</to>
    </rule>

<outbound-rule> element

Zero or more. This is very similar to a normal rule but it is used for rewriting urls that go through response.encodeURL().

May contain "run", "from", "to" and "set" element(s) also. Example:

    <outbound-rule>
        <from>^/world.jsp?country=([a-z]+)&amp;city=([a-z]+)$</from>
        <to>/world/$1/$2</to>
    </outbound-rule>

Using the example above JSP's with the code
<a href="<%= response.encodeURL("/world.jsp?country=usa&amp;city=nyc") %>">nyc</a>
will output
<a href="/world/usa/nyc">nyc</a>

Or JSTL
<a href="<c:url value="/world.jsp?country=${country}&amp;city=${city}" />">nyc</a>
will output
<a href="/world/usa/nyc">nyc</a>

Note, If you are using JSTL (ie, <c:url) this will work also.

<name> element

An optional element used for documenting the name of the rule. This can be used with rule and outbound-rule. See ant task.

    <rule>
        <name>World Rule</name>
        <from>^/world/([a-z]+)/([a-z]+)$</from>
        <to>/world.jsp?country=$1&amp;city=$2</to>
    </rule>

<note> element

A simple optional element used for documentation of the rule. This can be used with rule and outbound-rule. See ant task.

    <rule>
        <name>World Rule</name>
        <note>
            Cleanly redirect world requests to JSP,
            a country and city must be specified.
        </note>
        <from>^/world/([a-z]+)/([a-z]+)$</from>
        <to>/world.jsp</to>
    </rule>

<condition> element

An element that lets you choose condtions for the rule. Note, all conditions must be met for the rule to be run (unless "next" is set to "or" obvoiusly).

Value can be any Regular Expression.

Examples:

    <condition name="user-agent" operator="notequal">Mozilla/[1-4]</condition>

    <condition type="user-in-role" operator="notequal">bigboss</condition>

    <condition name="host" operator="notequal">www.example.com</condition>

    <condition type="method" next="or">PROPFIND</condition>
    <condition type="method">PUT</condition>

<from> element

You must always have exactly one from for each rule or outbound-rule. Value can be a regular expression in the Perl5 style. Note, from url's are relative to the context.

Example:

    <from>^/world/([a-z]+)$</from>

<to> element

Value can be a regular replacement expression in the Perl5 style.

Note, "to" can be null ie, <to>null</to>, this will mean that the request will go no further if the rule is matched (ie, this filter will not call chain.doFilter).

If "to" is set to -, no substitution will take place and the request will go on like nothing happened (ie, this filter will call chain.doFilter).

    <to>/world.jsp?country=$1</to>

To elements can contain backreferences and variables.

Backreferences

    %N

Provides access to the grouped parts (parentheses) of the pattern from the last matched Condition in the current rule. N must be less than 10 and greater than 0 (i.e. %1, %2, %3 etc).

Variables

    %{VARIABLE-NAME}

Any valid condition type can be used as a variable name. ie, '%{port}' will be translated to '80', '%{year}' to '2005', '%{cookie:myCookie}' would be translated to 'myCookieValue' (assuming the user had a cookie named myCookie with the value myCookieValue).

Valid types are condition types, see condition for a full description.

Functions

    ${FUNCTION:PARAMS}

Functions can be places in set and to elements.

<set> element

Allows you to set varous things if the rule is matched.

In the following example a request attribute "client" will be set to "AvantGo" or "Samsung SCH-6100", this can be fetched in a servlet or JSP using request.getAttribute("client").

    <rule>
        <condition name="user-agent">Mozilla/3\.0 (compatible; AvantGo .*)</from>
        <from>.*</from>
        <set name="client">AvantGo</set>
    </rule>
    <rule>
        <condition name="user-agent">UP\.Browser/3.*SC03 .* </from>
        <from>.*</from>
        <set name="client">Samsung SCH-6100</set>
    </rule>

It is also possible to use regular replacement expressions as part of the value similar to their usage in <to> elements:

    <rule>
        <from>/products/(.*)/(.*)/index.html</from>
        <set name="urlrewrite.product.slug">$1</set>
        <set name="urlrewrite.product.id">$2</set>
        <to>/products?slug=$1&id=$2</to>
    </rule>

<run> element

Allows you to run a method on an object when a rule and it's conditions are matched.

When the rule in the following example is matched, WorldServlet.goGet(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) will be invoked, the request will then be forwarded to /world-presentation.jsp.

    <rule>
        <from>^/world/[a-z]+/[a-z]+$</from>
        <run class="com.blah.web.WorldServlet" method="doGet" />
        <to>/world-presentation.jsp</to>
    </rule>

Note, you can specify init-param's the same way you would for a servlet.

    <run class="com.blah.web.MyServlet" method="doGet">
        <init-param>
            <param-name>someParamName</param-name>
            <param-value>10</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </run>

If the method being called throws an Exception the original exception will be re-thrown as if it were the original if it extends RuntimeException (eg, NullPointer), other exceptions are wrapped in a ServletException and thrown so your container can handle them.

<class-rule> element

Allows you to run a method every time a request come in for 100% dynamic rules. See the org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.sample package for an example.

Example:

    <class-rule class="com.blah.web.MyRuleClass" />

Tips

• When you want to put an "&" in a rule you must enter it as the XML entity "&amp;"
• For simplicity you might want to start all from's with a ^ and end them with a $.
  In regular expressions ^ specifies the start of the string and $ specifies the end.
  ie, a request for /my/url/path will NOT match <from>^/url/$</from> but it will match <from>/url/</from>
• If using <outbound-rule> remember all urls in your code must be encoded e.g. <a href="<%= response.encodeURL("/some/olddir/b.jsp") %>">my link</a>
• Regular expressions are complex and a bit tricky at times, read regular expression syntax for Java.
• If you find regular expressions difficult use Wildcards.
• "Context" is important. If you have an app with the context "/myapp" and you request the url "/myapp/somefolder/somepage.jsp", the container tells UrlRewriteFilter that the url is "/somefolder/somepage.jsp". This can be confusing, but basically your rules and conditions should not contain the context path (it will be handled by the container).

Wildcard Matching Engine

The wildcard matching engine can be used instead of regex. It is supported in conditions and rules where match-type is set to wildcard (or default-match-type is set on the urlrewrite element

e.g. /big/url/* will match /big/url/abc.html but will NOT match /big/url/abc/dir/ or /big/url/abc/.

/big/url/** will match /big/url/abc.html, /big/url/abc/dir/ and /big/url/abc/.

You can also use Regular expression style variable replacement, each match of a * will be available for use in to and set elements using simple $1 $2 variables.

e.g. /my/big/url/* will match /my/big/url/abc.html and $1 will be set to abc.html.

Added in 3.0

Ant Task

An Ant task has been written to allow validate the conf file and generation of documentation. You can view a sample.

Paste the following into your build.xml file, then change the dest and conf to point to the correct places. Note, the urlrewrite jar file will need to be in your classpath.

    <target name="urlrewrite-doc" depends="compile"
        description="UrlRewriteFilter validation and documenting">

    <taskdef name="urlrewritedoc" classpath="lib/urlrewrite-3.2.0.jar"
        classname="org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteDocTask" />
    <urlrewritedoc
        conf="${build.home}/WEB-INF/urlrewrite.xml"
        dest="urlrewrite-conf-overview.html" />
    </target>

mod_rewrite Style Configuration

Sample web.xml snippet:

     <filter>
         <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
         <filter-class>org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter</filter-class>

         <!-- defaults to false. use mod_rewrite style configuration file (if this is true and confPath
         is not specified confPath will be set to /WEB-INF/.htaccess) -->
         <init-param>
             <param-name>modRewriteConfText</param-name>
             <param-value><![CDATA[

                 # redirect mozilla to another area
                 RewriteCond  %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^Mozilla.*
                 RewriteRule  ^/no-moz-here$                 /homepage.max.html  [L]

             ]]></param-value>
         </init-param>

     </filter>

     <filter-mapping>
         <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
         <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
         <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
         <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
     </filter-mapping>

OR alternately set modRewriteConf to true in filter parameters and add a WEB-INF/.htaccess file with your mod_rewrite style configuration in it.

    <filter>
        <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter</filter-class>

        <!-- defaults to false. use mod_rewrite style configuration file (if this is true and confPath
        is not specified confPath will be set to /WEB-INF/.htaccess) -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>modRewriteConf</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>

    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
        <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
    </filter-mapping>

Sample: WEB-INF/.htaccess

     # redirect mozilla to another area
     RewriteCond  %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^Mozilla.*
     RewriteRule  ^/no-moz-here$                 /homepage.max.html  [L]
 

Documentation for the original mod_rewrite library mostly applies, differences are documented below.

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이선스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

빨간색 라인이 중요포인트..


 <target name="copy" depends="mkdir">
  <tstamp>
   <format property="build.time" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss" offset="-5" unit="minute" />
  </tstamp>

  <copy todir="${dist.class.dir}" includeEmptyDirs="false">
   <fileset dir="${dist.class.bin.dir}">
    <date datetime="${build.time}" when="after" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss" />
   </fileset>
  </copy>

 </target>

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이선스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

출처 : http://www.laj.ca/projects/PrincipalAuthenticator/doc/uml/

Tomcat Authentication and Authorization Sequences

From the base Tomcat Authentication Sequence (using JAAS you can see the changes made by both JBoss and the IIS Connector. The important bit to note here is on the ISAPI Connector DLL Sequence. Due to the dll injecting a Principal into the request for Tomcat, all of Tomcat's regular authenticator valves fail to authorize the user. This is because, by default, they check to see if a Principal already exists in the session and return if it does.

The Tomcat IIS Authenticator Sequence shows how using the Tomcat IIS Authenticator Valve makes tomcat continue the authentication and authorization. Authentication is 'checked' by verifying that the NTLM provided Principal is not-null. Authorization is performed by passing the Principal to the Security Realm. The security realm can then populate the user's Principal with the Role's the user is granted base on the implementation of the Realm.

JBoss will now be able to use any LoginModule to populate the user's roles since it's security realm (registered in Tomcat) will now be called.

• TomcatAuthenticationSequence

  This is how tomcat's JAAS normally works.

  
  
  

• JBossAuthenticationSequence

  JBoss registers it's own JAASRealm with Tomcat on startup.
  
  

  

•  

• ISAPIConnector_DLL_Sequence

  Note how the security realm is skipped by the Authenticator.

  
  
  
   

• TomcatIISAuthenticatorSequence

  Now the cycle is complete again.

  
  
  
  
   

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이선스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

출처 : http://www.bluestudios.co.uk/blog/?p=237


Recently I came across a small problem with setting up Oracle UCM 10gR3 on a MSSQL2005 instance.
Using the net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver class.

The DBAs had setup a clustered SQL environment and had given me MSSQLDB0001\ARCHIVETR.
ARCHIVETR being the SQL instance which I needed to install the UCM to.

For future reference all you need to do is append ‘;instance=ARCHIVETR’ to the connection string like the following:

jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://<SQLServer>:<PORT>/<DBName>;instance=<SQLInstanceName>

Example:
jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://MSSQLDB0001:1433/UCM;instance=ARCHIVETR

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이선스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Introduction

What's the best way to read a large XML document? Of course you'd use a SAX parser or a pull parser. What's the best way to write a large XML document? Building a DOM structure to describe a large XML document won't work because it won't fit in memory. Even if it did, it's not a simple API to use. There hasn't been a solution that is simple and memory efficient until now.

Writing API for XML (WAX) is a free, open-source, library for writing XML documents. I created it because I got an OutOfMemoryError while trying to output a large XML document from an application I wrote using JDOM, another Java-based XML library. I searched for other libraries that could write large XML documents but couldn't find any that were as simple to use as I thought they should be.

WAX is released under the LGPL with the intention of making its use unencumbered. It is well-tested and ready for production use. The WAX home page is at http://www.ociweb.com/wax/. Java and Ruby versions are available now. The Java version of WAX can be downloaded from Google Code at http://code.google.com/p/waxy/. For information about the Ruby version, click here. Ports for other programming languages will follow.

WAX has the following characteristics:

• focuses on writing XML, not reading it
• requires less code than other approaches
• uses less memory than other approaches
  (because it outputs XML as each method is called rather than
  storing it in a DOM-like structure and outputting it later)
• doesn't depend on any Java classes other than standard JDK classes
• is a small library (around 16K)
• writes all XML node types
• always outputs well-formed XML or throws an exception unless running in "trust me" mode
• provides extensive error checking
• automatically escapes special characters in text and attribute values (unless "unescaped" methods are used)
• allows most error checking to be turned off for performance
• knows how to associate DTDs, XML Schemas and XSLT stylesheets with the XML it outputs
• is well-suited for writing XML request and response messages for REST-based and SOAP-based services

WAX Tutorial

This section provides many examples of using WAX. Each code snippet is followed by the output it produces.

When the no-arg WAX constructor is used, XML is written to standard output. There are also WAX constructors that take a java.io.OutputStream or a java.io.Writer object.

Here's a simple example where only a root element is written:

WAX wax = new WAX();

wax.start("car").close();

<car/>

After a WAX object is closed, a new one must be created in order to write more XML. In the examples that follow, assume that has been done.

Let's write a root element with some text inside:

wax.start("car").text("Prius").end().close();

<car>Prius</car>

The default indentation used is two spaces. The end method terminates the element that is started by the start method. In this case it's not necessary to call end because the close method terminates all unterminated elements.

Let's put the text inside a child element:

wax.start("car").start("model").text("Prius").close();

<car>

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's do the same with the child convenience method: which is equivalent to calling start, text and end.

wax.start("car").child("model", "Prius").close();

<car>

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's put text containing all the special XML characters in a CDATA section:

wax.start("car").start("model").cdata("1<2>3&4'5\";6").close();

<car>

  <model>

    <![CDATA[1<2>3&4'5"6]]>

  </model>

</car>

Let's output the XML without indentation, on a single line:

wax.noIndentsOrLineSeparators();

wax.start("car").child("model", "Prius").close();

<car><model>Prius</model></car>

Let's indent the XML with four spaces instead of the default of two:

wax.setIndent("    "); // can also call setIndent(4)

wax.start("car").child("model", "Prius").close();

<car>

    <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's add an attribute:

wax.start("car").attr("year", 2008).child("model", "Prius").close();

<car year="2008">

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Attributes must be specified before any content for their element is specified. For example, calling start, attr and text is valid, but calling start, text and attr is not. If this rule is violated then an IllegalStateException is thrown.

Let's add an XML declaration:

WAX wax = new WAX(Version.V1_0); // Version is an enum

wax.start("car").attr("year", 2008)

   .child("model", "Prius").close();

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<car year="2008">

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's add a comment:

wax.comment("This is a hybrid car.")

   .start("car").child("model", "Prius").close();

<!-- This is a hybrid car. -->

<car>

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's add a processing instruction:

wax.processingInstruction("target", "data")

   .start("car").attr("year", 2008)

   .child("model", "Prius").close();

<?target data?>

<car year="2008">

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's associate an XSLT stylesheet with the XML: The xslt method is a convenience method for adding this commonly used processing instruction.

wax.xslt("car.xslt")

   .start("car").attr("year", 2008)

   .child("model", "Prius").close();

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="car.xslt"?>

<car year="2008">

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's associate a default namespace with the XML:

wax.start("car").attr("year", 2008)

   .defaultNamespace("http://www.ociweb.com/cars")

   .child("model", "Prius").close();

<car year="2008"

  xmlns="http://www.ociweb.com/cars">

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's associate a non-default namespace with the XML:

String prefix = "c";

wax.start(prefix, "car").attr("year", 2008)

   .namespace(prefix, "http://www.ociweb.com/cars")

   .child(prefix, "model", "Prius").close();

<c:car year="2008"

  xmlns:c="http://www.ociweb.com/cars">

  <c:model>Prius</c:model>

</c:car>

Like attributes, namespaces must be specified before any content for their element is specified. If this rule is violated then an IllegalStateException is thrown.

Let's associate an XML Schema with the XML:

wax.start("car").attr("year", 2008)

   .defaultNamespace("http://www.ociweb.com/cars", "car.xsd")

   .child("model", "Prius").close();

<car year="2008"

  xmlns="http://www.ociweb.com/cars"

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ociweb.com/cars car.xsd">

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's associate multiple XML Schemas with the XML:

wax.start("car").attr("year", 2008)

   .defaultNamespace("http://www.ociweb.com/cars", "car.xsd")

   .namespace("m", "http://www.ociweb.com/model", "model.xsd")

   .child("m", "model", "Prius").close();

<car year="2008"

  xmlns="http://www.ociweb.com/cars"

  xmlns:m="http://www.ociweb.com/model"

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ociweb.com/cars car.xsd

    http://www.ociweb.com/model model.xsd">

  <m:model>Prius</m:model>

</car>

Let's associate a DTD with the XML:

wax.dtd("car.dtd")

   .start("car").attr("year", 2008)

   .child("model", "Prius").close();

<!DOCTYPE car SYSTEM "car.dtd">

<car year="2008">

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

Let's add and use entity definitions:

String url = "http://www.ociweb.com/xml/";

wax.entityDef("oci", "Object Computing, Inc.")

   .externalEntityDef("moreData", url + "moreData.xml")

   .start("root")

   .unescapedText("The author works at &oci; in St. Louis, Missouri.",

       true) // avoiding escaping for entity reference

   .unescapedText("&moreData;", true)

   .close();

<!DOCTYPE root [

  <!ENTITY oci "Object Computing, Inc.">

  <!ENTITY moreData SYSTEM "http://www.ociweb.com/xml/moreData.xml">

]>

<root>

  The author works at &oci; in St. Louis, Missouri.

  &moreData;

</root>

A common usage pattern is to pass a WAX object to a method of model objects that use it to write their XML representation. For example, a Car class could have the following method.

public void toXML(WAX wax) {

    wax.start("car")

       .attr("year", year)

       .child("make", make)

       .child("model", model)

       .end();

}

An example of the XML this would produce follows:

<car year="2008">

  <make>Toyota</make>

  <model>Prius</model>

</car>

A Person class whose objects hold a reference to an Address object could have the following method.

public void toXML(WAX wax) {

    wax.start("person")

       .attr("birthdate", birthdate)

       .child("name", name);

    address.toXML(wax);

    wax.end();

}

The Address class could have the following method.

public void toXML(WAX wax) {

    wax.start("address")

       .child("street", street);

       .child("city", city);

       .child("state", state);

       .child("zip", zip);

       .end();

}

An example of the XML this would produce follows:

<person birthdate="4/16/1961">

  <name>R. Mark Volkmann</name>

  <address>

    <street>123 Some Street</street>

    <city>Some City</city>

    <state>MO</state>

    <zip>12345</zip>

  </address>

</person>

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출처 : http://www.vitarara.org/cms/struts_2_cookbook/post_and_redirect




<action name="createSalesOrderConfirmation" class="sales.CreateSalesOrderAction">

    <result name="redirect" type="redirect-action">

        <param name="actionName">displaySalesOrder</param>

        <param name="namespace">/order/sales</param>

        <param name="parse">true</param>

        <param name="id">${order.id}</param>

    </result>

</action>

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스

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Struts2 에서는 아래와 같은 방법으로 사용 가능합니다.

src/defaultConfigure.properties 에 format 을 등록.

# number format

format.qty={0,number, ,###,###,###}

JSP 페이지에서는 다음과 같이 호출합니다.

<s:text name="format.qty"><s:param name="value" value="%{10000}"/></s:text>

결과는 10,000 과 같이 출력됩니다.

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스

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import java.io.*;
import java.security.*;
import sun.misc.*;

public class TestSHA{
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  byte[] txtByte = "테스트테스트".getBytes();

  MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");

  md.update(txtByte);

  byte[] digest = md.digest();

  BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();

  String base64 = encoder.encode(digest);

        // should be 20 bytes, 160 bits long
        System.out.println( digest.length );

        // dump out the hash
        for ( byte b : digest )
        {
            System.out.print( Integer.toHexString( b & 0xff )  );
        }

  //String result = new String(digest.toCha);

  System.out.println("\r\n" + toString(digest, 0, digest.length));

  //System.out.println("hexaString : " + HexString.bufferToHex(md.digest()));

 }

 private static final char[] HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();


 public static final String toString(byte[] ba, int offset, int length) {
      char[] buf = new char[length * 2];
      for (int i = 0, j = 0, k; i < length; ) {
         k = ba[offset + i++];
         buf[j++] = HEX_DIGITS[(k >>> 4) & 0x0F];
         buf[j++] = HEX_DIGITS[ k        & 0x0F];
      }
      return new String(buf);
  }

}

크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스

이 저작물은 크리에이티브 커먼즈 코리아 저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 라이선스에 따라 이용하실 수 있습니다.